The Pedosphere as a Sink, Source, and Record of Anthropogenic and Natural Arsenic Atmospheric Deposition

The Anthropocene has led to global-scale contamination of the biosphere through diffuse atmospheric dispersal arsenic. This review considers sources arsenic soils and its subsequent fate, identifying key knowledge gaps. There is a particular focus on soil classification stratigraphy, as this central topic under consideration. For Europe North America, peat core chrono-sequences record massive enhancement depositional flux from onset Industrial Revolution late 20th century, while modern mitigation efforts have sharp decline in emissions. Recent wet dry measurements ice records suggest that it South America East Asia are now primary polluters. Natural atmosphere primarily volcanic emissions, aeolian dust entrainment, microbial biomethylation. However, quantifying these natural inputs atmosphere, redeposition soils, only starting become better defined. pedosphere acts both sink source deposited Soil highly heterogeneous already present, chemical biological regulation mobility within horizons, interaction with climatic geomorphological settings. Mineral tend be an sink, organic act source. It identified here peatlands hold considerable amount released arsenic, store can potentially remobilized climate change scenarios. Also, increased ambient temperature seems cause enhanced arsine release also oceans, leading rates biogeochemical cycling atmosphere. With respect agriculture, rice cultivation was concern Southeast due current high deposition soil, efficiency assimilation by grain, grain yield reduction toxicity.